Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
ISRO demonstrated its solar hybrid electric car and there's a strong reason behind working on it.
Vehicles using fossil fuels persistently bring serious problems to environment and life.
In this perspective, Solar and Electrical energy based hybrid vehicles provide the most effective and viable long-term solution by using renewable energy sources for mobility.
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram, demonstrated the running of a solar hybrid electric car using in-house expertise and resources within ISRO.
Considerations involved the right solar panel to suit the roof top of car, a super-capacitor to meet the high peak current of beyond 100 A level, an integral gear box to augment the performance of the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor.
It also involved control electronics for the battery and solar panel interface and drive electronics for running the motor in a smooth way.
The biggest one of course was the conversion of the internal combustion engine (ICE) based vehicle, which was a Maruti Suzuki Omni, to fit in with the electric motor.
The Brushless motor had to be modified to improve torque
To drive the car, energy was supplied to the vehicle by energy density Lithium ion batteries connected across high power density super-capacitors.
The battery delivered the sustained energy requirement while the super-capacitor supported the peak power demand during high torque conditions.
This arrangement of power sharing helped in enhancing the life of power-restricted batteries.
Energy was supplied to the vehicle by energy density Lithium ion batteries.
A solar panel fitted on rooftop of the car charges the battery by absorbing the sunlight.
How it Works
This electrical energy needed to be converted to mechanical energy to drive the wheels.
This was achieved by integrating an efficient power conversion module between energy system and electric motor.
The usage of a Brushless type motor helped in improving the torque and reducing energy input while also helping in weight savings.
Concerted efforts were made to ensure that the associated safety aspects are not compromised while combining various active subsystems of different behaviour for a focused objective.