Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The government has asked Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to allow manufacturers interested in producing indigenous lithium-ion batteries.
This is including those from private sector, to obtain the technology for its mass production.
ISRO will now come up with a framework to make this process smooth.
The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre under ISRO has developed indigenous technology to manufacture such high-power batteries for automobiles and e-vehicles and their feasibility tests in vehicles have been successful.
Over half a dozen major automobile companies, battery manufacturers and public sector undertakings have already approached ISRO.
This include Mahindra Renault, Hyundai, Nissan, Tata Motors, High Energy Batteries, BHEL and Indian Oil.
The aim is to develop indigenous technology for lithium-ion batteries so that their prices are within the reach of Indian customers.
ISRO had earlier developed similar batteries for satellite and the launch vehicle applications.
The government has set an ambitious target for pushing more use of electric vehicles to reduce air pollution, which has become one of the biggest health concerns.
Batteries are the key component of any electric vehicle.
At present, all lithium-ion batteries are imported and it's very expensive.
Such batteries have high-power, but these weigh less and their volume is much less as well in comparison to conventional batteries.
Government documents show the cost of lithium-ion batteries is high because of small volume of procurement.
Bulk procurement and mass production can reduce the cost by 80%, which is key to push demand.
Lithium Ion Batteries: Know More
Specific energy: 100–265 W·h/kg (0.36–0.875 MJ/kg)
Energy density: 250–676 W·h/L (0.90–2.43 MJ/L)
Specific power: ~250-~340 W/kg
Charge/discharge efficiency: 80–90%
Self-discharge rate per month: 8% at 21 °C/15% at 40 °C/31% at 60 °C
Cycle durability:400–1200 cycles
Nominal cell voltage: NMC 3.6 / 3.85 V, LiFePO4 3.2 V
A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery (abbreviated as LIB) is a type of rechargeable battery.