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Reasoning - Logical Reasoning:

Logical Reasoning

MCQ - 145-8097

Research comparing children of cigarette-smoking parents in Karachi with children of nonsmoking parents in Hyderabad found that children of smoking parents in Karachi have lower test scores than do children of non¬smokers in Hyderabad. Therefore, secondhand cigarette smoke is a cause of the lower test scores.

Question:

Research comparing children of cigarette-smoking parents in Karachi with children of nonsmoking parents in Hyderabad found that children of smoking parents in Karachi have lower test scores than do children of non¬smokers in Hyderabad. Therefore, secondhand cigarette smoke is a cause of the lower test scores.

Which of the following, if true, would weaken the preceding conclusion?

  1. Children in Karachi have lower test scores than children in Hyderabad, regardless of whether their parents smoke or not.
  2. More people smoke in Karachi than in Hyderabad.
  3. Some children of nonsmoking parents in Sukkar have good test scores.
  4. More people smoke in Karachi than in Hyderabad.
  5. Research has shown that smoking is not only unhealthy for the smoker, but for others in the nearby vicinity.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation:

Regardless of whether their parents smoke or not "Children in Karachi have lower test scores than that of the children in Hyderabad." Notice that if children in Karachi have lower test scores than children in Hyderabad, regardless of whether their parents smoke or not, then the cigarette-smoking parents cannot logically be claimed to be a cause of the lower test scores. This choice would weaken the conclusion.

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